How To Run Multiple PHP Versions on One Server Using Apache and PHP-FPM on Ubuntu 18.04

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Introduction

The Apache web server uses virtual hosts to manage multiple domains on a single instance. Similarly, PHP-FPM uses a daemon to manage multiple PHP versions on a single instance. Together, you can use Apache and PHP-FPM to host multiple PHP web-applications, each using a different version of PHP, all on the same server, and all at the same time. This is useful because different applications may require different versions of PHP, but some server stacks, like a regularly configured LAMP stack, can only manage one. Combining Apache with PHP-FPM is also a more cost-efficient solution than hosting each application on its own instance.

PHP-FPM also offers configuration options for stderr and stdout logging, emergency restarts, and adaptive process spawning, which is useful for heavy-loaded sites. In fact, using Apache with PHP-FPM is one of the best stacks for hosting PHP applications, especially when it comes to performance.

In this tutorial you will set up two PHP sites on a single instance. Each site will use its own domain, and each domain will deploy its own version of PHP. The first, site1.your_domain, will deploy PHP 7.0. The second, site2.your_domain, will deploy PHP 7.2.

Prerequisites

• One Ubuntu 18.04 server with at least 1GB of RAM set up by following the Initial Server Setup with Ubuntu 18.04, including a sudo non-root user and a firewall.
• An Apache web server set up and configured by following How to Install the Apache Web Server on Ubuntu 18.04.
• A domain name configured to point to your Ubuntu 18.04 server. You can learn how to point domains to DigitalOcean Droplets by following How To Point to DigitalOcean Nameservers From Common Domain Registrars. For the purposes of this tutorial, we will use two subdomains, each specified with an A record in our DNS settings: site1.your_domain and site2.your_domain.

Step 1 — Installing PHP Versions 7.0 and 7.2 with PHP-FPM

With the prerequisites completed, you will now install PHP versions 7.0 and 7.2, as well as PHP-FPM and several additional extensions. But to accomplish this, you will first need to add the Ondrej PHP repository to your system.

Execute the apt-get command to install software-properties-common:

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common -y

The software-properties-common package provides the apt-add-repository command-line utility, which you will use to add the ondrej/php PPA (Personal Package Archive) repository.

Now add the ondrej/php repository to your system. The ondrej/php PPA will have more up-to-date versions of PHP than the official Ubuntu repositories, and it will also allow you to install multiple versions of PHP in the same system:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

Update the repository:

sudo apt-get update -y

Next, install php7.0, php7.0-fpm, php7.0-mysql, libapache2-mod-php7.0, and libapache2-mod-fcgid with the following commands:

sudo apt-get install php7.0 php7.0-fpm php7.0-mysql libapache2-mod-php7.0 libapache2-mod-fcgid -y

• php7.0 is a metapackage used to run PHP applications.
• php7.0-fpm provides the Fast Process Manager interpreter that runs as a daemon and receives Fast/CGI requests.
• php7.0-mysql connects PHP to the MySQL database.
• libapahce2-mod-php7.0 provides the PHP module for the Apache webserver.
• libapache2-mod-fcgid contains a mod_fcgid that starts a number of CGI program instances to handle concurrent requests.

Now repeat the process for PHP version 7.2. Install php7.2, php7.2-fpm, php7.2-mysql, and libapache2-mod-php7.2:

sudo apt-get install php7.2 php7.2-fpm php7.2-mysql libapache2-mod-php7.2 -y

After installing both PHP versions, start the php7.0-fpm service:

sudo systemctl start php7.0-fpm

Next, verify the status of the php7.0-fpm service:

sudo systemctl status php7.0-fpm

You’ll see the following output:

Output
● php7.0-fpm.service - The PHP 7.0 FastCGI Process Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/php7.0-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-03-29 12:53:23 UTC; 15s ago
     Docs: man:php-fpm7.0(8)
  Process: 20961 ExecStopPost=/usr/lib/php/php-fpm-socket-helper remove /run/php/php-fpm.sock /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf 70 (code=exited,
  Process: 20979 ExecStartPost=/usr/lib/php/php-fpm-socket-helper install /run/php/php-fpm.sock /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf 70 (code=exite
 Main PID: 20963 (php-fpm7.0)
   Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 2, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req/sec"
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 1150)
   CGroup: /system.slice/php7.0-fpm.service
           ├─20963 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/7.0/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
           ├─20977 php-fpm: pool www
           └─20978 php-fpm: pool www

Repeating this process, now start the php7.2-fpm service:

sudo systemctl start php7.2-fpm

And verify the status of the php7.2-fpm service:

sudo systemctl status php7.2-fpm

You’ll see the following output:

Output
● php7.2-fpm.service - The PHP 7.2 FastCGI Process Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/php7.2-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-03-29 12:53:22 UTC; 45s ago
     Docs: man:php-fpm7.2(8)
 Main PID: 20897 (php-fpm7.2)
   Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 2, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req/sec"
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 1150)
   CGroup: /system.slice/php7.2-fpm.service
           ├─20897 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/7.2/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
           ├─20909 php-fpm: pool www
           └─20910 php-fpm: pool www

Lastly, you must enable several modules so that your Apache2 service can work with multiple PHP versions:

sudo a2enmod actions fcgid alias proxy_fcgi

• actions is used for executing CGI scripts based on media type or request method.

• fcgid is a high performance alternative to mod_cgi that starts a sufficient number of instances of the CGI program to handle concurrent requests.

• alias provides for the mapping of different parts of the host filesystem in the document tree, and for URL redirection.

• proxy_fcgi allows Apache to forward requests to PHP-FPM.

Now restart the Apache service to apply your changes:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

At this point you have installed two PHP versions on your server. Next, you will create a directory structure for each website you want to deploy.

Step 2 — Creating Directory Structures for Both Websites

In this section, you will create a document root directory and an index page for each of your two websites.

First, create document root directories for both site1.your_domain and site2.your_domain:

sudo mkdir /var/www/site1.your_domain
sudo mkdir /var/www/site2.your_domain

By default, the Apache webserver runs as a www-data user and www-data group. To ensure that you have the correct ownership and permissions of your website root directories, execute the following commands:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/site1.your_domain
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/site2.your_domain
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/site1.your_domain
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/site2.your_domain

Next you will create an info.php file inside each website root directory. This will display each website’s PHP version information. Begin with site1:

sudo nano /var/www/site1.your_domain/info.php

Add the following line:

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Save and close the file. Now copy the info.php file you created to site2:

sudo cp /var/www/site1.your_domain/info.php /var/www/site2.your_domain/info.php

Your web server should now have the document root directories that each site requires to serve data to visitors. Next, you will configure your Apache web server to work with two different PHP versions.

Step 3 — Configuring Apache for Both Websites

In this section, you will create two virtual host configuration files. This will enable your two websites to work simultaneously with two different PHP versions.

In order for Apache to serve this content, it is necessary to create a virtual host file with the correct directives. Instead of modifying the default configuration file located at /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf, you’ll create two new ones inside the directory /etc/apache2/sites-available/.

First create a new virtual host configuration file for the website site1.your_domain. Here you will direct Apache to render content using php7.0:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/site1.your_domain.conf

Add the following content. Make sure the website directory path, server name, and PHP version match your setup:

<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerAdmin admin@site1.your_domain
     ServerName site1.your_domain
     DocumentRoot /var/www/site1.your_domain
     DirectoryIndex info.php

     <Directory /var/www/site1.your_domain>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
     </Directory>

    <FilesMatch \.php$>
      # For Apache version 2.4.10 and above, use SetHandler to run PHP as a fastCGI process server
      SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock|fcgi://localhost"
    </FilesMatch>

     ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/site1.your_domain_error.log
     CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/site1.your_domain_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

In this file you updated the DocumentRoot to your new directory and ServerAdmin to an email that the your_domain site administrator can access. You’ve also updated ServerName, which establishes the base domain for this virtual host configuration, and you’ve added a SetHandler directive to run PHP as a fastCGI process server.

Save and close the file.

Next, create a new virtual host configuration file for the website site2.your_domain. You will specify this subdomain to deploy php7.2:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/site2.your_domain.conf

Add the following content. Again, make sure the website directory path, server name, and PHP version match your unique information:

<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerAdmin admin@site2.your_domain
     ServerName site2.your_domain
     DocumentRoot /var/www/site2.your_domain
     DirectoryIndex info.php  

     <Directory /var/www/site2.your_domain>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
     </Directory>

    <FilesMatch \.php$>
      # For Apache version 2.4.10 and above, use SetHandler to run PHP as a fastCGI process server
      SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock|fcgi://localhost"
    </FilesMatch>

     ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/site2.your_domain_error.log
     CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/site2.your_domain_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Save and close the file when you are finished. Then check the Apache configuration file for any syntax errors:

sudo apachectl configtest

You’ll see the following output:

Output
Syntax OK

Next, enable both virtual host configuration files:

sudo a2ensite site1.your_domain
sudo a2ensite site2.your_domain

Now disable the default site, since you won’t need it.:

sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf

Finally, restart the Apache service to implement your changes:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Now that you have configured Apache to serve each site, you will test them to make sure the proper PHP versions are running.

Step 4 — Testing Both Websites

At this point, you have configured two websites to run two different versions of PHP. Now test the results.

Open your web browser and visit both sites http://site1.your_domain and http://site2.your_domain. You will see two pages that look like this:

Note the titles. The first page indicates that site1.your_domain deployed PHP version 7.0. The second indicates that site2.your_domain deployed PHP version 7.2.

Now that you’ve tested your sites, remove the info.php files. Because they contain sensitive information about your server and are accessible to unauthorized users, they pose a security threat. To remove both files, run the following commands:

sudo rm -rf /var/www/site1.your_domain/info.php
sudo rm -rf /var/www/site2.your_domain/info.php

You now have a single Ubuntu 18.04 server handling two websites with two different PHP versions. PHP-FPM, however, is not limited to this one application.

Conclusion

You have now combined virtual hosts and PHP-FPM to serve multiple websites and multiple versions of PHP on a single server. The only practical limit on the number of PHP sites and PHP versions that your Apache service can handle is the processing power of your instance.

From here you might consider exploring PHP-FPM’s more advanced features, like its adaptive spawning process or how it can log sdtout and stderr. Alternatively, you could now secure your websites. To accomplish this, you can follow our tutorial on how to secure your sites with free TLS/SSL certificates from Let’s Encrypt.