Question

Key Differences Between Kubernetes and OpenShift

Posted on November 7, 2024
Kubernetes
Asked by KFSys

Kubernetes and OpenShift are both powerful platforms for managing containerized applications, but they differ in several key ways. This tutorial will help you understand their differences to determine which one suits your needs.

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KFSys

Site Moderator

• November 7, 2024

Accepted Answer

1. Platform Overview

Kubernetes: An open-source container orchestration tool, originally developed by Google. It helps you automate deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Kubernetes is the core of many cloud-native architectures.
OpenShift: A Kubernetes distribution by Red Hat that includes additional tools to enhance security, development, and deployment. It’s a comprehensive Platform as a Service (PaaS) that aims to make Kubernetes easier to use in enterprise environments.

2. Key Differences

Open Source vs. Enterprise Offering:
- Kubernetes is fully open-source and community-driven.
- OpenShift is based on Kubernetes but adds a lot of additional enterprise features, which are supported by Red Hat. It’s partly open-source (OKD) but often comes with licensing costs for enterprise use.
Security:
- OpenShift has stricter security policies by default. It comes with built-in security features like role-based access control (RBAC), default restricted containers, and integrated support for OAuth authentication.
- Kubernetes provides a lot of flexibility, but requires more manual configuration for securing the cluster and often lacks the pre-configured security that OpenShift offers out of the box.
User Experience:
- Kubernetes provides core building blocks, such as kubectl for managing clusters. Users need to set up additional tools to create a user-friendly interface and CI/CD pipelines.
- OpenShift offers a polished web console and an improved CLI tool (oc) that simplifies interactions with the cluster. It also includes Jenkins for CI/CD by default, making it easier for developers and DevOps teams to work together.
Deployment Options:
- Kubernetes is highly customizable, with various deployment options that can fit into any cloud provider or bare-metal infrastructure. It’s widely used in many self-hosted and managed solutions (e.g., GKE, AKS, EKS).
- OpenShift can be deployed on-premise or in the cloud but is more limited to environments supported by Red Hat, like AWS or IBM Cloud. It emphasizes a tighter integration between the platform and underlying infrastructure.
Integrated Features:
- OpenShift provides integrated networking, monitoring, and logging out of the box. The additional features include image registry, developer-focused tooling, and pipelines for streamlined application lifecycle management.
- Kubernetes lets users choose which plugins to install. For example, you can integrate Prometheus for monitoring or Fluentd for logging, but you need to configure these solutions manually.
Networking:
- OpenShift includes OpenShift SDN (Software Defined Network), which provides default multi-tenant isolation to improve cluster networking.
- Kubernetes requires users to set up their preferred CNI (Container Network Interface), such as Calico or Flannel, and there are more options to choose from, allowing more flexibility.
Developer Focus:
- OpenShift is built with developers in mind, featuring tools to speed up application builds and deployments. Features like Source-to-Image (S2I) simplify the process of deploying an app from source code directly.
- Kubernetes is more of a pure container orchestration platform without additional developer-focused build tools.

3. Which One to Choose?

If you’re comfortable with configuring every aspect of your cluster and want maximum flexibility, Kubernetes is an excellent choice.
If you need a more integrated and secure platform that has tools for developers and CI/CD pipelines readily available, OpenShift can save time and effort, especially in enterprise settings.

Use Cases:

Kubernetes: Ideal for users who need complete control over the cluster setup and prefer flexibility. It’s also a great choice for those who want to use it as a base for cloud-native services (like on Google GKE or AWS EKS).
OpenShift: Better suited for enterprises needing a cohesive solution that provides built-in tools for security, networking, and CI/CD pipelines with less need for customization.

Summary: Kubernetes is a flexible and powerful base for container orchestration, while OpenShift builds upon it to create a more user-friendly and secure experience with integrated tools, making it perfect for enterprise environments.

Bobby Iliev

Site Moderator

• November 7, 2024

Great summary! 👏

I really like how you’ve highlighted the main features and considerations without overwhelming the reader—especially around security, user experience, and deployment options.

From my own experience, one of the biggest advantages of OpenShift in enterprise environments is that it takes away some of the initial setup complexity by bundling in those developer tools and security features right out of the box.

However, I agree that Kubernetes remains unbeatable for anyone looking for pure flexibility and customization. It’s amazing to see how each of these platforms has its own niche in the container ecosystem.

KFSys

Site Moderator

• November 7, 2024

Here’s a comparison of Kubernetes and OpenShift’s CLI tools to give you a better understanding:

CLI Overview

Kubernetes CLI (kubectl): kubectl is the command-line interface for Kubernetes, used to manage cluster resources like Pods, Deployments, Services, ConfigMaps, etc.
OpenShift CLI (oc): oc is the CLI for OpenShift, which provides all the commands available in kubectl plus additional features that are specific to OpenShift, making it more developer-friendly and integrated into the OpenShift ecosystem.

Key Differences Between `kubectl` and `oc`

Basic Kubernetes Management:
- kubectl: You use kubectl to perform the majority of administrative and operational tasks. Examples include:
  - Creating a pod:

kubectl run myapp --image=nginx

Listing pods:

kubectl get pods

oc: The oc command works in a very similar way and supports nearly all kubectl commands. It essentially inherits the entire Kubernetes functionality:

oc get pods

- You can still run any Kubernetes-related tasks using oc, making it fully compatible with the Kubernetes ecosystem.
Login to Cluster:
- kubectl: To configure kubectl to access a Kubernetes cluster, you use a kubeconfig file:

kubectl config set-cluster mycluster --server=https://cluster-url
kubectl config set-context mycontext --cluster=mycluster

oc: OpenShift simplifies the login with its own built-in command that also supports OAuth:

oc login https://openshift-cluster-url --token=<token>

- The oc login command also allows you to use credentials (username and password) for authentication, making it easier to manage access, especially in enterprise environments.
Developer Tools:
- kubectl: There are no built-in commands specifically geared towards application development workflows.
- oc: OpenShift comes with additional commands that cater to developers:
  - Source-to-Image (S2I) builds:

oc new-app https://github.com/some-repository.git

- - This command automatically creates a build pipeline for your source code, making application deployment much faster.
  - oc new-app allows you to easily create a new application from source code, images, or templates in a more streamlined way than Kubernetes.
Project Management:
- kubectl: The concept of projects isn’t explicitly present. Kubernetes namespaces are used for logical isolation:

kubectl create namespace mynamespace
kubectl get namespaces

oc: OpenShift enhances the concept of namespaces by introducing “projects,” which are user-friendly wrappers around Kubernetes namespaces, offering additional controls and simplifying management:

oc new-project myproject
oc projects

- Projects also have integrated access control, making it simpler to manage permissions between different development teams.
Built-in Templates:
- kubectl: Kubernetes doesn’t provide pre-built templates for common tasks; you need to define your resources in YAML or JSON files and then apply them:

kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml

oc: OpenShift has pre-built templates that make it easy to create common resources like databases, Jenkins pipelines, or application deployments:

oc new-app --template=postgresql-persistent

- You can create and share your own templates, which helps in standardizing deployments across different teams.

Routing and Services:

kubectl: Kubernetes uses Services for stable network endpoints and Ingress controllers to handle external access:

kubectl expose deployment myapp --type=LoadBalancer --port=8080

The setup of Ingress or LoadBalancer is usually left to the operator, and requires a third-party Ingress controller.
oc: OpenShift has a built-in concept called “Routes” that makes exposing services externally much simpler. It provides automated TLS support for public routes, making deployments faster:

oc expose svc myapp

- The oc expose command automatically creates a route that you can use to access the application externally without dealing with Ingress configurations.

Summary Table

Feature	Kubernetes (`kubectl`)	OpenShift (`oc`)
Authentication	Manual kubeconfig setup	`oc login` command with OAuth
Developer Tools	Limited	Integrated S2I and developer commands
Project Management	Namespaces	Projects with enhanced control
Templates	YAML/JSON definitions	Pre-built and custom templates
Routing	Ingress/Service configuration	Simple `oc expose` and routes
Status Overview	Basic resource status commands	`oc status` for project overview
Integrated Registry	External registry required	Built-in container registry

Conclusion

The oc CLI from OpenShift is essentially a supercharged version of kubectl, adding features and commands that simplify Kubernetes use for developers and administrators. OpenShift enhances Kubernetes by making workflows smoother, especially for enterprises needing developer-focused tooling, simpler project management, and out-of-the-box features like integrated security and routing.

For those comfortable with Kubernetes, using oc is an easy transition, as all kubectl commands will work with it, while adding more functionality for a seamless experience.