CSS Grid: Holy Grail Layout

You can see this demo in action here if you have a supporting browser. Here are quick instructions on how to enable grid layout in Fixefox and Chrome.

The markup is really simple and the amount of elements needed to create the layout is minimal and semantic:

<div class="container">
  <header>
    <!-- Header content -->
  </header>

  <nav>
    <!-- Navigation -->
  </nav>

  <main>
    <!-- Main content -->
  </main>

  <aside>
    <!-- Sidebar / Ads -->
  </aside>

  <footer>
    <!-- Footer content -->
  </footer>
</div>

Using grid areas and the fr unit, here’s how we define the grid on the container:

.container {
  display: grid;

  grid-template-areas:
    "header header header"
    "nav content side"
    "footer footer footer";

  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 200px;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
  grid-gap: 10px;

  height: 100vh;
}

Notice the use of height: 100vh (100% viewport height) on the container to extend the grid to at least the full height of the viewport. Our grid’s middle row is set to a height of 1fr so that it picks up the extra space when needed.

The grid items are very simple to place on the grid with the grid-area property:

header {
  grid-area: header;
}

nav {
  grid-area: nav;
  margin-left: 0.5rem;
}

main {
  grid-area: content;
}

aside {
  grid-area: side;
  margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

footer {
  grid-area: footer;
}

It’s easy to use media queries and to change just a few properties on the grid container to collapse everything into one column on smaller devices:

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    grid-template-areas:
      "header"
      "nav"
      "content"
      "side"
      "footer";

    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows:
      auto /* Header */
      minmax(75px, auto) /* Nav */
      1fr /* Content */
      minmax(75px, auto) /* Sidebar */
      auto; /* Footer */
  }

  nav, aside {
    margin: 0;
  }
}

Grid is not a replacement for Flexbox and Flexbox is still the right solution for one dimension placement and micro layouts. It’s very easy to combine grid and flexbox layouts and they are designed to work well together.

We can use flexbox on our header for example to have the elements inside the header container be evenly distributed on the horizontal axis:

header {
  grid-area: header;

  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}