Tutorial

How To Create a SSL Certificate on nginx for CentOS 6

Published on June 9, 2012

How To Create a SSL Certificate on nginx for CentOS 6

Status: Deprecated

This article covers a version of CentOS that is no longer supported. If you are currently operating a server running CentOS 6, we highly recommend upgrading or migrating to a supported version of CentOS.

Reason: CentOS 6 reached end of life (EOL) on November 30th, 2020 and no longer receives security patches or updates. For this reason, this guide is no longer maintained.

See Instead:
This guide might still be useful as a reference, but may not work on other CentOS releases. If available, we strongly recommend using a guide written for the version of CentOS you are using.

The following DigitalOcean tutorial may be of interest, as it outlines how to create an SSL certificate for Nginx on a CentOS 7 server:

How To Create an SSL Certificate on Nginx for CentOS 7

About Self-Signed Certificates

A SSL certificate is a way to encrypt a site's information and create a more secure connection. Additionally, the certificate can show the virtual private server's identification information to site visitors. Certificate Authorities can issue SSL certificates that verify the server's details while a self-signed certificate has no 3rd party corroboration.

Intro

Make sure that nginx is installed on your VPS. If it is not, you can quickly install it with 2 steps.

Install the EPEL repository:

su -c 'rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm'

Install nginx

yum install nginx

Step One—Create a Directory for the Certificate

The SSL certificate has 2 parts main parts: the certificate itself and the public key. To make all of the relevant files easy to access, we should create a directory to store them in:

 sudo mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl

We will perform the next few steps within the directory:

 cd /etc/nginx/ssl

Step Two—Create the Server Key and Certificate Signing Request

Start by creating the private server key. During this process, you will be asked to enter a specific passphrase. Be sure to note this phrase carefully, if you forget it or lose it, you will not be able to access the certificate.

sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024

Follow up by creating a certificate signing request:

sudo openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr

This command will prompt terminal to display a lists of fields that need to be filled in.

The most important line is "Common Name". Enter your official domain name here or, if you don't have one yet, your site's IP address. Leave the challenge password and optional company name blank.

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:US
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:New York
Locality Name (eg, city) []:NYC
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Awesome Inc
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Dept of Merriment
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:example.com                  
Email Address []:webmaster@awesomeinc.com

Step Three—Remove the Passphrase

We are almost finished creating the certificate. However, it would serve us to remove the passphrase. Although having the passphrase in place does provide heightened security, the issue starts when one tries to reload nginx. In the event that nginx crashes or needs to reboot, you will always have to re-enter your passphrase to get your entire web server back online.

Use this command to remove the passphrase:

sudo cp server.key server.key.org
sudo openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key

Step Four— Sign your SSL Certificate

Your certificate is all but done, and you just have to sign it. Keep in mind that you can specify how long the certificate should remain valid by changing the 365 to the number of days you prefer. As it stands, this certificate will expire after one year.

 sudo openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

You are now done making your certificate.

Step Five—Set Up the Certificate

Open up the SSL config file:

 vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/ssl.conf

Uncomment within the section under the line HTTPS Server. Match your config to the information below, replacing the example.com in the "server_name" line with your domain name or IP address. If you are just looking to test your certificate, the default root there will work.

# HTTPS server

server {
    listen       443;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/server.key; 
}

Then restart nginx:

 /etc/init.d/nginx restart

Visit https://youraddress.

You will see your self-signed certificate on that page!

Resources

http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpSslModule#Generate_Certificates

By Etel Sverdlov

Thanks for learning with the DigitalOcean Community. Check out our offerings for compute, storage, networking, and managed databases.

Learn more about our products

About the authors

Etel Sverdlov

author

Still looking for an answer?

Ask a question Search for more help

Was this helpful?

10 Comments

This textbox defaults to using Markdown to format your answer.

You can type !ref in this text area to quickly search our full set of tutorials, documentation & marketplace offerings and insert the link!

dewsworld • September 23, 2013

Brower warn me that the connection is untrusted. let me know what did I miss!

Kamal Nasser

DigitalOcean Employee

• September 24, 2013

@dewsworld: This article walks you through creating a self-signed certificate (Step Four— Sign your SSL Certificate). If you want to get rid of that warning, you will have to purchase an SSL cert from a trusted provider such as Comodo/DigiCert/Verisign to name a few or any of their resellers. You will have to provide them the CSR which you can get by running <pre>cat /path/to/server.csr</pre>

mdimtiazmahbub • November 13, 2013

After installing ssl, I added these lines to my ssl.conf file: it’s running perfectly. Did I mis-configure anything?

location / {
    root   /home/username/public_html;
    index  index.html index.htm index.php;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
    root           /home/username/public_html;
    fastcgi_param  HTTPS on;
    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME   $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
}

Kamal Nasser

DigitalOcean Employee

• November 15, 2013

@md.imtiazmahbub: The config seems proper, are you having any issues with it?

yllorca • December 6, 2013

Hi I want to install a certificate signed by commodo using nginx for CentOS 6. They sent me a zip with the installation files. What should I do with them? Best Regards Yury Llorca D

james161908 • March 6, 2014

This tutorial may work for self-signed certificates, but I’d recommend using the suggested openssl parameters to create a key for a site where security is important to you.

sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024

Most Certificate Authorities will no longer accept 1024-bit keys (2048 being the minimum), and RSA keys are the default format over des3. There is no need to run openssl as root unless you’re trying to protect your key by having its owner be set to root.

For further info, see http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/2557/what-ssl-key-should-i-make-for-iis-rsa-or-dh-what-bit-length-is-appropriate

kurniawanmagelang • April 6, 2014

trying to install RapidSSL on Nginx, and successfully :)

contatotiagogomes • April 14, 2014

Hi guys,

What’s the way to enable HTTPS only for the administration panel?

Andrew SB

DigitalOcean Employee

• April 15, 2014

@ Tiago,

In your server block that is listening on port 80 for normal http, set a redirect for your panel’s url to the https url:

server {
    listen 80;

    # snipping every thing else just for the example

    location /panel_url {
        return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
   }
}

Then in the server block listening on port 443, redirect https attempts back to http unless it is your panel’s url.

server {
    listen 443;

 # snipping every thing else just for the example

    location /panel_url {
    }

    location / {
        return 301 http://$server_name$request_uri;
    }
}

richardaljasteabramson • May 1, 2014

I’ve got the nginx running, but the signature doesn’t show up… What may be causing this?