How To Install Django and Set Up a Development Environment on Ubuntu 16.04

Django is a free and open-source web framework written in Python that adheres to the model template view (MTV) software architectural pattern. The MTV pattern is Django’s take on the model–view–controller (MVC) pattern. According to the Django Software Foundation, the model is the single definitive source of your data, the view describes the data that gets represented to the user via a Python callback function to a specific URL, and the template is how Django generates HTML dynamically.

Django’s core principles are scalability, re-usability and rapid development. It is also known for its framework-level consistency and loose coupling, allowing for individual components to be independent of one another. Don’t repeat yourself (DRY programming) is an integral part of Django principles.

In this tutorial, we will set up a Django development environment. We’ll install Python 3, pip 3, Django and virtualenv in order to provide you with the tools necessary for developing web applications with Django.

A non-root user account with sudo privileges set up on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux server. You can achieve these prerequisites by following and completing the initial server setup for Debian 8, or steps 1-4 in the initial server setup for Ubuntu 16.04 tutorial.

To install Python we must first update the local APT repository. In your terminal window, we’ll input the command that follows. Note that the -y flag answers “yes” to prompts during the upgrade process. Remove the flag if you’d like the upgrade to stop for each prompt.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade

When prompted to configure grub-pc, you can press ENTER to accept the default, or configure as desired.

It is recommended by the Django Software Foundation to use Python 3, so once everything is updated, we can install Python 3 by using the following command:

sudo apt-get install python3

To verify the successful installation of Python 3, run a version check with the python3 command:

python3 -V

The resulting output will look similar to this:

Output
python 3.5.2

Now that we have Python 3 installed, we will also need pip in order to install packages from PyPi, Python’s package repository.

sudo apt-get install -y python3-pip

To verify that pip was successfully installed, run the following command:

pip3 -V

You should see output similar to this:

Output
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (python 3.5)

Now that we have pip installed, we have the ability to quickly install other necessary packages for a Python environment.

virtualenv is a virtual environment where you can install software and Python packages in a contained development space, which isolates the installed software and packages from the rest of your machine’s global environment. This convenient isolation prevents conflicting packages or software from interacting with each other.

To install virtualenv, we will use the pip3 command, as shown below:

pip3 install virtualenv

Once it is installed, run a version check to verify that the installation has completed successfully:

virtualenv --version

We should see the following output, or something similar:

Output
virtualenv 20.0.20 from /home/sammy/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/virtualenv/__init__.py

You have successfully installed virtualenv.

At this point, we can isolate our Django web application and its associated software dependencies from other Python packages or projects on our system.

There are three ways to install Django. We will be using the pip method of installation for this tutorial, but let’s address all of the available options for your reference.

• Option 1: Install Django within a virtualenv. This is ideal for when you need your version of Django to be isolated from the global environment of your server.

• Option 2: Install Django from Source. If you want the latest software or want something newer than what your Ubuntu APT repository offers, you can install directly from source. Note that opting for this installation method requires constant attention and maintenance if you want your version of the software to be up to date.

• Option 3: Install Django Globally with pip. The option we are going with is pip 3 as we will be installing Django globally.

We’ll be installing Django using pip within a virtual environment. For further guidance and information on the setup and utilization of programming environments, check out this tutorial on setting up a virtual environment.

While in the server’s home directory, we have to create the directory that will contain our Django application. Run the following command to create a directory called django-apps, or another name of your choice. Then navigate to the directory.

mkdir django-apps
cd django-apps 

While inside the django-apps directory, create your virtual environment. Let’s call it env.

virtualenv env

Now, activate the virtual environment with the following command:

. env/bin/activate

You’ll know it’s activated once the prefix is changed to (env), which will look similar to the following depending on what directory you are in:

Within the environment, install the Django package using pip. Installing Django allows us to create and run Django applications. To learn more about Django, read our tutorial series on Django Development.

pip install django

Once installed, verify your Django installation by running a version check:

django-admin --version

This, or something similar, will be the resulting output:

Output
2.2.12

With Django installed on your server, we can move on to creating a test project to make sure everything is working correctly.

To test the Django installation, we will be creating a skeleton web application.

sudo ufw allow 8000

django-admin startproject testsite

cd testsite

ls

Output
manage.py  testsite

less manage.py

cd testsite/

ls

Output
__init__.py  settings.py  urls.py  wsgi.py

nano ~/django-apps/testsite/testsite/settings.py

"""
Django settings for testsite project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.0.
...
"""
...
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

# Edit the line below with your server IP address
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['your-server-ip']
...

cd ~/django-apps/testsite/

python manage.py runserver your-server-ip:8000

http://your-server-ip:8000/

deactivate

In this tutorial you have successfully upgraded to the latest version of Python 3 available to you via the Ubuntu APT repository. You’ve also installed pip 3, virtualenv, and django.

You now have the tools needed to get started building Django web applications.