How To Install Go on Debian 9

Introduction

Go, also known as golang, is a modern, open-source programming language developed by Google. Increasingly popular for many applications, Go takes a minimalist approach to development, helping you build reliable and efficient software.

This tutorial will guide you through downloading and installing Go, as well as compiling and executing a basic “Hello, World!” program on a Debian 9 server.

Prerequisites

To complete this tutorial, you will need access to a Debian 9 server and a non-root user with sudo privileges, as described in Initial Server Setup with Debian 9.

Step 1 — Downloading Go

In this step, we’ll install Go on your server.

First, install curl so you will be able to grab the latest Go release:

sudo apt install curl

Next, visit the official Go downloads page and find the URL for the current binary release’s tarball. Make sure you copy the link for the latest version that is compatible with a 64-bit architecture.

From your home directory, use curl to retrieve the tarball:

curl -O https://dl.google.com/go/go1.12.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz

Although the tarball came from a genuine source, it is best practice to verify both the authenticity and integrity of items downloaded from the Internet. This verification method certifies that the file was neither tampered with nor corrupted or damaged during the download process. The sha256sum command produces a unique 256-bit hash:

sha256sum go1.12.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz

Output
go1.12.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz
aea86e3c73495f205929cfebba0d63f1382c8ac59be081b6351681415f4063cf  go1.12.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz

Compare the hash in your output to the checksum value on the Go download page. If they match, then it is safe to conclude that the download is legitimate.

With Go downloaded and the integrity of the file validated, let’s proceed with the installation.

Step 2 — Installing Go

We’ll now use tar to extract the tarball. The x flag tells tar to extract, v tells it we want verbose output, including a list of the files being extracted, and f tells it we’ll specify a filename:

tar xvf go1.12.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz

You should now have a directory called go in your home directory. Recursively change the owner and group of this directory to root, and move it to /usr/local:

sudo chown -R root:root ./go
sudo mv go /usr/local

At this point, using Go would require specifying the full path to its install location in the command line. To make interacting with Go more user-friendly, we will set a few paths.

Step 2 — Setting Go Paths

In this step, we’ll set some paths in your environment.

First, set Go’s root value, which tells Go where to look for its files:

nano ~/.profile

At the end of the file, add the following lines:

export GOPATH=$HOME/work
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin:$GOPATH/bin

If you chose a different installation location for Go, then you should add the following lines to this file instead of the lines shown above. In this example, we are adding the lines that would be required if you installed Go in your home directory:

export GOROOT=$HOME/go
export GOPATH=$HOME/work
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin

With the appropriate lines pasted into your profile, save and close the file.

Next, refresh your profile by running:

source ~/.profile

With the Go installation in place and the necessary environment paths set, let’s confirm that our setup works by composing a short program.

Step 3 — Testing Your Installation

Now that Go is installed and the paths are set for your server, you can ensure that Go is working as expected.

Create a new directory for your Go workspace, which is where Go will build its files:

mkdir $HOME/work

Then, create a directory hierarchy in this folder so that you will be able to create your test file. We’ll use the directory my_project as an example:

mkdir -p work/src/my_project/hello

Next, you can create a traditional “Hello World” Go file:

nano ~/work/src/my_project/hello/hello.go

Inside your editor, add the following code to the file, which uses the main Go packages, imports the formatted IO content component, and sets a new function to print “Hello, World!” when run:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Printf("Hello, World!\n")
}

When it runs, this program will print “Hello, World!,” indicating that Go programs are compiling correctly.

Save and close the file, then compile it by invoking the Go command install:

go install my_project/hello

With the program compiled, you can run it by executing the command:

hello

Go is successfully installed and functional if you see the following output:

Output
Hello, World!

You can see where the compiled hello binary is installed by using the which command:

which hello

Output
/home/sammy/work/bin/hello

The “Hello, World!” program established that you have a Go development environment.

Conclusion

By downloading and installing the latest Go package and setting its paths, you now have a system to use for Go development. To learn more about working with Go, see our development series How To Code in Go. You can also consult the official documentation on How to Write Go Code.

Additionally, you can read some Go tips from our development team at DigitalOcean.

go install: version is required when current directory is not in a module

go mod init

go mod tidy