How To Install the Anaconda Python Distribution on Debian 10

Introduction

Anaconda is an open-source package manager, environment manager, and distribution of the Python and R programming languages. Designed for data science and machine learning workflows, Anaconda is commonly used for large-scale data processing, scientific computing, and predictive analytics.

Offering a collection of over 1,000 packages to support users working with data, Anaconda is available in both free and paid enterprise versions. The Anaconda distribution ships with the conda command-line utility. You can learn more about Anaconda and conda by reading the official Anaconda Documentation.

This tutorial will guide you through installing the Python 3 version of Anaconda on a Debian 10 server.

Prerequisites

Before you begin with this guide, you should have a non-root user with sudo privileges set up on your server.

You can achieve this prerequisite by completing our Debian 10 initial server setup guide.

Installing Anaconda

To install Anaconda on a Debian 10 server, you should download the latest Anaconda installer bash script, verify it, and then run it.

Find the latest version of Anaconda for Python 3 at the Anaconda Distribution page. At the time of writing, the latest version is 2019.03, but you should use a later stable version if it is available.

Next, change to the /tmp directory on your server. This is a good directory to download ephemeral items, like the Anaconda bash script, which we won’t need after running it.

cd /tmp

We’ll use the curl command-line tool to download the script. Install curl:

sudo apt install curl

Now, use curl to download the link that you copied from the Anaconda website:

curl -O https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2019.03-Linux-x86_64.sh

At this point, we can verify the data integrity of the installer with cryptographic hash verification through the SHA-256 checksum. We’ll use the sha256sum command along with the filename of the script:

sha256sum Anaconda3-2019.03-Linux-x86_64.sh

You’ll receive output that looks similar to this:

Output
45c851b7497cc14d5ca060064394569f724b67d9b5f98a926ed49b834a6bb73a  Anaconda3-2019.03-Linux-x86_64.sh

You should check the output against the hashes available at the Anaconda with Python 3 on 64-bit Linux page for your appropriate Anaconda version. As long as your output matches the hash displayed in the sha2561 row, you’re good to go.

Now we can run the script:

bash Anaconda3-2019.03-Linux-x86_64.sh

You’ll receive the following output:

Output
Welcome to Anaconda3 2019.03

In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue
>>> 

Press ENTER to continue and then press ENTER to read through the license. Once you’re done reading the license, you’ll be prompted to approve the license terms:

Output
Do you approve the license terms? [yes|no]

As long as you agree, type yes.

At this point, you’ll be prompted to choose the location of the installation. You can press ENTER to accept the default location, or specify a different location to modify it.

Output
Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/home/sammy/anaconda3

  - Press ENTER to confirm the location
  - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
  - Or specify a different location below

[/home/sammy/anaconda3] >>> 

The installation process will continue. Note that it may take some time.

Once installation is complete, you’ll receive the following output:

Output
...
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]
[no] >>> 

Type yes so that you do not need to add Anaconda to the PATH manually.

Output
Appending source /home/sammy/anaconda3/bin/activate to /home/sammy/.bashrc
A backup will be made to: /home/sammy/.bashrc-anaconda3.bak
...

You can now activate the installation by sourcing the ~/.bashrc file:

source ~/anaconda3/bin/activate

You will now be in Anaconda’s base programming environment that is automatically named base. Your prompt will change to reflect this.

Now, you can run the conda init command to initialize your environment.

conda init

Once you have done that, you can verify your install by making use of the conda command, for example with list:

conda list

You’ll receive output of all the packages you have available through the Anaconda installation:

Output
# packages in environment at /home/sammy/anaconda3:
#
# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
_ipyw_jlab_nb_ext_conf    0.1.0                    py37_0  
alabaster                 0.7.12                   py37_0  
anaconda                  2019.03                  py37_0  
...

Now that Anaconda is installed, we can go on to setting up Anaconda environments.

Setting Up Anaconda Environments

Anaconda virtual environments allow you to keep projects organized by Python versions and packages needed. For each Anaconda environment you set up, you can specify which version of Python to use and can keep all of your related programming files together within that directory.

First, we can check to see which versions of Python are available for us to use:

conda search "^python$"

You’ll receive output with the different versions of Python that you can target, including both Python 3 and Python 2 versions. Since we are using the Anaconda with Python 3 in this tutorial, you will have access only to the Python 3 versions of packages.

Let’s create an environment using the most recent version of Python 3. We can achieve this by assigning version 3 to the python argument. We’ll call the environment my_env, but you’ll likely want to use a more descriptive name for your environment especially if you are using environments to access more than one version of Python.

conda create --name my_env python=3

We’ll receive output with information about what is downloaded and which packages will be installed, and then be prompted to proceed with y or n. As long as you agree, type y.

The conda utility will now fetch the packages for the environment and let you know when it’s complete.

You can activate your new environment by typing the following:

conda activate my_env

With your environment activated, your command prompt prefix will change:

Within the environment, you can verify that you’re using the version of Python that you had intended to use:

 python --version

Output
Python 3.7.3

When you’re ready to deactivate your Anaconda environment, you can do so by typing:

conda deactivate

To target a more specific version of Python, you can pass a specific version to the python argument, like 3.5, for example:

conda create -n my_env35 python=3.5

You can update your version of Python along the same branch within a respective environment with the following command:

conda update python

If you would like to target a more specific version of Python, you can pass that to the python argument, as in python=3.3.2.

You can inspect all of the environments you have set up with this command:

conda info --envs

Output
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /home/sammy/anaconda3
my_env                   /home/sammy/anaconda3/envs/my_env
my_env35                 /home/sammy/anaconda3/envs/my_env35

The asterisk indicates the current active environment.

Each environment you create with conda create will come with several default packages:

• openssl
• pip
• python
• readline
• setuptools
• sqlite
• tk
• wheel
• xz
• zlib

You can add additional packages, such as numpy for example, with the following command:

conda install --name my_env35 numpy

If you know you would like a numpy environment upon creation, you can target it in your conda create command:

conda create --name my_env python=3 numpy

If you are no longer working on a specific project and have no further need for the associated environment, you can remove it. To do so, type the following:

conda remove --name my_env35 --all

Now, when you type the conda info --envs command, the environment that you removed will no longer be listed.

Updating Anaconda

You should regularly ensure that Anaconda is up-to-date so that you are working with all the latest package releases.

To do this, you should first update the conda utility:

conda update conda

When prompted to do so, type y to proceed with the update.

Once the update of conda is complete, you can update the Anaconda distribution:

conda update anaconda

Again when prompted to do so, type y to proceed.

This will ensure that you are using the latest releases of conda and Anaconda.

Uninstalling Anaconda

If you are no longer using Anaconda and find that you need to uninstall it, there are a few steps to take to ensure it is entirely off of your system.

First, deactivate the base Anaconda environment you’re in.

conda deactivate

Next, install the anaconda-clean module, which will remove configuration files for when you uninstall Anaconda.

conda install anaconda-clean

Type y when prompted to do so.

Once it is installed, you can run the following command. You will be prompted to answer y before deleting each one. If you would prefer not to be prompted, add --yes to the end of your command:

anaconda-clean

This will also create a backup folder called .anaconda_backup in your home directory:

Output
Backup directory: /home/sammy/.anaconda_backup/2019-07-09T020356

You can now remove your entire Anaconda directory by entering the following command:

rm -rf ~/anaconda3

Finally, you can remove the PATH line from your .bashrc file that Anaconda added. To do so, first open a text editor such as nano:

nano ~/.bashrc

Then scroll down to the end of the file (if this is a recent install) or type CTRL + W to search for Anaconda. Delete or comment out the script that initializes conda.

...
# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
# __conda_setup="$('/home/sammy/anaconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
# if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
#     eval "$__conda_setup"
# else
#     if [ -f "/home/sammy/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
#         . "/home/sammy/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
#     else
#         export PATH="/home/sammy/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
#     fi
# fi
# unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<

When you’re done editing the file, type CTRL + X to exit and y to save changes.

Anaconda is now removed from your server.

Conclusion

This tutorial brought you through the installation of Anaconda, working with the conda command-line utility, setting up environments, updating Anaconda, and deleting Anaconda if you no longer need it.

You can use Anaconda to help you manage workloads for data science, scientific computing, analytics, and large-scale data processing. From here, you can check out our tutorials on data analysis and machine learning to learn more about various tools available to use and projects that you can do.