How To Install MariaDB on Rocky Linux 9

Introduction

MariaDB is an open-source database management system, commonly used as an alternative for the MySQL portion of the popular LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Python/Perl) stack. It is intended to be a drop-in replacement for MySQL.

In this tutorial, we will explain how to install the latest version of MariaDB on a Rocky Linux 9 server. If you’re wondering about MySQL vs. MariaDB, MariaDB is the preferred package and should work seamlessly in place of MySQL. If you specifically need MySQL, see the How to Install MySQL on Rocky Linux 9 guide.

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you will need a Rocky Linux 9 server with a non-root sudo-enabled user. You can learn more about how to set up a user with these privileges in the Initial Server Setup with Rocky Linux 9 guide.

You can also use an interactive terminal that is embedded on this page to experiment with installing and configuring MySQL in this tutorial. Click the following Launch an Interactive Terminal! button to get started.

[interactive systemd:rocky9]

Step 1 — Installing MariaDB

First, use dnf to install the MariaDB package:

sudo dnf install mariadb-server

You will be asked to confirm the action. Press y then ENTER to proceed.

Once the installation is complete, start the service with systemctl:

sudo systemctl start mariadb

Then check the status of the service:

sudo systemctl status mariadb

Output
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.3 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-04-03 17:32:46 UTC; 52min ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
 Main PID: 4567 (mysqld)
   Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
    Tasks: 30 (limit: 5059)
   Memory: 77.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           └─4567 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr

. . .

Apr 03 17:32:46 rocky9-mariadb systemd[1]: Started MariaDB 10.3 database server.

If MariaDB has successfully started, the output should show active (running) and the final line should look something like:

Output
Apr 03 17:32:46 rocky9-mariadb systemd[1]: Started MariaDB 10.3 database server..

Next, let’s take a moment to ensure that MariaDB starts at boot, using the systemctl enable command:

sudo systemctl enable mariadb

Output
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

We now have MariaDB running and configured to run at startup. Next, we’ll turn our attention to securing our installation.

Step 2 — Securing the MariaDB Server

MariaDB includes a security script to change some of the less secure default options for things like remote root logins and sample users. Use this command to run the security script:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

The script provides a detailed explanation for every step. The first step asks for the root password, which hasn’t been set so we’ll press ENTER as it recommends. Next, we’ll be prompted to set that root password. Keep in mind that this is for the root database user, not the root user for your Rocky server itself.

Type Y then ENTER to enter a password for the root database user, then follow the prompts.

After updating the password, we will accept all the security suggestions that follow by pressing y and then ENTER. This will remove anonymous users, disallow remote root login, remove the test database, and reload the privilege tables.

Now that we’ve secured the installation, we’ll verify it’s working by connecting to the database.

Step 3 — Testing the Installation

We can verify our installation and get information about it by connecting with the mysqladmin tool, a client that lets you run administrative commands. Use the following command to connect to MariaDB as root (-u root), prompt for a password (-p), and return the version.

mysqladmin -u root -p version

You should see output similar to this:

Output
mysqladmin  Ver 9.1 Distrib 10.3.17-MariaDB, for Linux on x86_64
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Server version        10.3.17-MariaDB
Protocol version    10
Connection        Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket        /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:            6 min 5 sec

Threads: 7  Questions: 16  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 17  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 11  Queries per second avg: 0.043

This indicates the installation has been successful.

Conclusion

In this guide you installed MariaDB to act as an SQL server. During the installation process you also secured the server. Optionally, you also created a separate password-authenticated administrative user.

Now that you have a running and secure MariaDB server, here some examples of next steps that you can take to work with the server:

• You may want to import and export databases
• You could incorporate MariaDB into a larger software stack, such as the LAMP stack: How To Install Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP (LAMP stack) on CentOS 8
• You may need to update your firewalld firewall to allow for external database traffic